When driving uphill, switch to a lower gear so as to maintain your speed. Reversing Use your mirrors to assist you in seeing what is behind you. When reversing, you may tilt your head so that you can see beyond the head restraint.
Always reverse at slow speed so as to retain control of your steering. To steer the car in reverse, turn the wheel in the direction you want the rear of the car to go. Turning the wheel to the right steers the back of the car to the right.
Turning the wheel to the left steers to the left. This is done using hand gestures, signal lights and responding to instructions from traffic marshalls and police. It is a routine that is convenient in many different situations. This also includes an increase of speed as a vehicle may be trying to overtake you as you gain speed. A vehicle driving too closely behind, may require that you gently slow your car down earlier than usual to provide the driver behind with more reaction time to slow down.
A vehicle approaching quickly behind may require that you slow down slightly later than usual if possible to allow the driver with a greater stopping distance. The blind spot is often required after the mirror checks. There are motorcyclists or cyclists close by 2. You are overtaking on a dual carriageway or motorway 3.
You wish to change lanes 4. If there is a delay, the mirror sequence must be repeated. Signaling too late may not provide vehicles behind with enough time to react if you are intending on slowing or stopping the car. Signaling too early can give the impression you are taking a turn sooner than the actual turn you intend, or that you are parking up, leading to confusion. If parking up, ensure you do not signal before a junction. Manoeuvre 1.
The manoeuvre part of MSM applies at different situations such as roundabouts, junctions, changing lanes or parking 2. You should always be prepared to alter the MSM routine depending on circumstances.
If driving in an area with potential hazards, pedestrians or cyclists for example, you may need to check the mirrors and blind spot once again before committing to the manoeuvre. Be prepared to alter your speed or destination even at the very last moment. Cyclists, pedestrians and other vehicles can be unpredictable and a good driver should try to predict a potential hazard. Before deciding what speed to drive at take into consideration the laws determining the speed limits of the particular road you are using and the road conditions.
The higher the speed of a vehicle, the shorter the time a driver has to stop to avoid a crash. Overall, accidents are more severe when the driving speed is high. These are: disc brakes, drum brakes, and handbrakes. It is also known as coasting. In driving this is a technique achieved by depressing the clutch so as not to use the engine to move. When the engine is engaged, the driver can brake with more ease. This results in increase wear and tear of the brakes.
A small amount of fuel is needed to keep the engine active. As such freewheeling does not save petrol. When the driver needs to stop, progressive braking is safer than freewheeling because it reduces wear on the braking system and on the tyres and ensures that the driver maintains control of the vehicle.
You do this by controlling your speed, the position of your vehicle in the lane and communicating on the road. In order to manage your space effectively you should be aware of the different road conditions when driving.
These can be broadly divided into three categories 1. Open Condition — This is occurs in large areas where the driver can gets a clear broad view of the road and surroundings and there are no restrictions or obstacles blocking the view. In these conditions, it is easy to adjust speed and change lanes.
Changing Conditions - This occurs where there are changes in the speed limit, road surface conditions, the width of the lane, visibility influenced by the weather or the time of the day and the traffic flow.
All these are conditions that may be unpredictable or may need specific actions by the driver. In all the above-mentioned conditions, the driver has to maintain an appropriate space around the vehicle for safe driving.
This is the space envelope. Emergency manoeuvres involves quick and efficient moves. Safely performing evasive turns on the road Evasive manoeuvre driving is important in getting out of situations of danger.
Some of the skills that you should learn include making J-turns and U-turns. This is addressed in Unit 8. If this does not work, apply the parking brake hand brake gently but firmly while holding the release button. It goes beyond mastering the rules of the road and basic mechanical skills and is taught to experienced drivers. Skids can involve the front, rear or all four wheels. Even careful drivers experience skids. You lose traction and your wheels spin or lock, usually when braking, turning or accelerating.
It is caused by excess speed on entry at a corner or a bend. It also occurs during sudden braking when negotiating a hazard. The Rear Wheel Skid This occurs when the rear of the vehicle swings out of the line as if the vehicle is trying to overtake at the front. It is often caused excessive speed leading to sudden braking in a hazard situation. Aquaplaning Driving too fast or at an excessive or inappropriate speed on a wet road causes aquaplaning. When the tyre tread cannot channel away enough water, the tyre s lose contact with the road and the vehicle floats on a wedge of water.
Aquaplaning can be avoided by reducing speed in wet conditions. Ensure that the vehicle has good tyre tread, firm brakes and streak-free wipers. Otherwise, use fog lights if your car has them. Stay out of puddles — a puddle can hide a large pothole that can damage your vehicle or its suspension or flatten a tyre. The spray of water could splash nearby pedestrians or drown your engine, causing it to stall.
Water can also make your brakes less effective. Under these conditions the driver has to deal with reduced visibility and traction, steering, braking and skid control. It is best to practice how to deal with this conditions in a safe, secluded area.
The driver who knows what to do in an emergency is more likely to stay in control. Driving In Adverse Conditions 1. Be Cautious Get in the right frame of mind before you start driving. Travel with another person so that the responsibility of driving is shared.
This also reduced the risk of injury to fingers, elbows and the chest. Fasten your safety belt. Dress appropriately Wear clothes that are comfortable and also provide freedom of movement. Heavy garments can restrict movement behind the wheel. Stop in a safe spot before removing a coat or gloves.
Poor visibility Keep your windshield and windows clean. Clean the inside of your windows at least once a week.
Use your defroster to keep front and rear windshields clear. This will prevent moisture from collecting on the inside of the glass.
When the glass gets foggy, open a window slightly and turn the defroster fan to a higher speed. Use your air conditioner to reduce humidity. Mud and dust on your headights can reduce the illumination by 90 percent. Stop periodically during long trips and clean your headlights. If your vehicle is not equipped with daytime running lights, drive with your low-beam headlights on at all times - especially on dark or overcast days.
Use low beams and fog lights in fog. Reduced Traction Wet roads mean poor traction. Conditions are most dangerous during the first 10 minutes of a heavy downpour as oil and debris first rise up, then wash away. Knowing how to handle poor traction reduces the potential for hydroplaning, skidding or getting stuck in the mud. Getting out of a tough spot You need steady pulling and moderate power when traction is poor. The best remedy when wheels are stuck in the mud or a soft shoulder is to apply power slowly.
Move forward until the vehicle stops, then shift into reverse and move backwards until momentum stops. Repeat this process, moving ahead a little more each time.
Shovel a space in front of the drive wheels and spread your materials there. Apply power slowly, using second or low gear Steering clear of collisions You may need to take evasive action in poor weather to avoid a collision. In wet weather, sudden braking often leads to skids. Since the arms never cross, you are able to provide continuous adjustments in either direction. The fixed-hand steering method allows rapid degree steering to either direction, but it has one shortcoming.
This method is confining in that your arms may get locked together as you attempt to steer past degrees, leaving you in an awkward position to make further fine adjustments.
Braking Stopping on a slippery surface requires more distance, so increase your following distance. Focus your attention as far ahead as possible - at least 20 to 30 seconds.
Anti-lock braking systems ABS are designed to prevent wheels from locking and to retain steering control during panic braking. Sensors located at wheels detect lock-up. The anti-lock system relieves pressure as needed, allowing all four wheels to continue to turn while maintaining steering control. Do not remove your foot from the brake or pump the pedal. If you apply pressure and the wheels lock momentarily, you might feel the brake pedal pulse back against your foot. This is normal. Just hold the brake pedal down and steer.
Pumping the pedal actually works against the system. If your heel leaves the floor, the wheels could lock because control of the brake pedal is transferred from your ankle muscles to your thigh muscles, which are not capable of the finer control required in this situation. Under the stress of trying to stop quickly, drivers almost inevitably use too much pressure, resulting in locked wheels on non-ABS-equipped vehicles.
If this happens, release pressure on the brake pedal by one or two degrees, then immediately reapply slight pressure. Continue this technique as needed until the vehicle comes to a stop. If the roadside is your only option, pull off the road as far as you can, preferably past the end of a guardrail.
Vehicles parked at the side of the road are frequently struck by other drivers. Respect the limitations of reduced visibility and turn headlights off and hazard lights on to alert other drivers.
Set up the reflector triangles behind and in front of the crash site. Preventive maintenance may include the following. Below is a table indicating common issues and how to resolve them. The Traffic Act provides guidelines for conditions of carriage for different categories of goods and passengers. A commercial vehicle is a motor vehicle constructed or adapted for the carriage of goods or burdens of any description in connection with any trade, business or agriculture.
Therefore a light vehicle can be licenced as a commercial vehicle. Hazardous materials are solids, liquids, or gases that are harmful to people, other living organisms, property, or the environment. They are often subject to chemical regulations. Classification of Hazardous Materials There are 9 classes of hazardous materials. Do not handle hazardous material unless you have the appropriate licencing to do so.
Many of these situations can be avoided by ensuring that the passengers and driver take the prescribed safety precautions before embarking on the journey. Noncommercially licensed firefighters may submit a self-certifying Health Questionnaire DL When your chat is over, you can save the transcript. Use caution when using a public computer or device. The DMV chatbot and live chat services use third-party vendors to provide machine translation.
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California Driver Handbook. Greenville Technical College does not schedule recruitment visits or presentations. Any student, employer, or third party requesting student record verifications on the student's behalf should contact ANCORA at verifications ancoraeducation. Please note that any verifications for courses prior to May 3, , must contact the Greenville Technical College School of Aviation, Construction, and Transportation Technologies.
Requests can be emailed to Kathy Brown at Kathy. Brown gvltec. State and federal regulations govern the qualifications and standards for truck drivers. State and federal regulations dictate that drivers of trucks designed to carry 26, pounds or more must obtain a commercial driver's license CDL from the state of residence.
Once you complete the program, you may qualify for a Class A CDL by passing the written test and demonstrating safe operation of a commercial truck.
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