We can compare a funnel's narrow tube part to what is called the internet's bandwidth. The larger the bandwidth is, the more data that can be transmitted at a time. Therefore, a file can be transferred much faster if the internet connection has a larger bandwidth. Bandwidth is also, in a way, an internet connection's maximum capacity, and we can express it in units of bits per second. Internet bandwidth can also represent the maximum speed an internet connection can have.
However, when moving a file from one computer to another, the maximum transfer speed will depend on the slowest bandwidth that the data has to go through - which can be anywhere in the route. To better understand this, let us consider an example. Let's say that your friend wants to send you his new MB megabytes video creation over his 10 Mbps megabits per second internet connection. On the other hand, you will be receiving the video file over your 5 Mbps home internet connection.
For this example, let us assume that the upload and download speeds for both connections can use their entire bandwidths. Since the file will also be coming through the much lower 5 Mbps connection, this will be the maximum transfer speed that we can get for this data transfer.
But, to determine the upload and download speeds of your connection, you can use any third-party speed test applications that can be accessed online through your browser.
Now that we know how to determine the transfer speed for our uploads and downloads, we can now calculate a file's download time or duration. Calculating download time is as simple as dividing the size of the file you wish to transfer by the transfer speed of the network that the transfer will go through. However, we have to be careful with the units we use, since this could be quite confusing.
Let us consider the example above for our sample computation. To calculate how long to download the MB video over a 5 Mbps internet download speed, we can use the equation below:. But first, let us convert the units of the file size in terms of megabits, which is equivalent to 1 million bits.
To do so, we'll be using the conversion table above under the SI system. With that said, we now have this computation:. As shown above, the MB video file will finish downloading in less than 11 minutes over a stable 5 Mbps connection. However, if somebody else in the house uses the internet while you're downloading this video file, it could take much longer to complete the download because of congestion in the data transfer.
Aside from calculating the download time of a file from the internet, you can also use this calculator to determine the transfer duration from, let's say, a computer to an external storage device like a USB flash drive.
However, you must first know the transfer rate of your connection to calculate the transfer duration. You can also use this download time calculator to determine your download speed. However, for this, you have to time how long to download a particular file. Then, by entering the file size and the download time in our calculator, you'll be able to calculate your internet's download speed.
If you want to determine the actual time your download will take to complete, you can input the estimated download time into our time duration calculator.
Our time duration calculator will help you determine the actual completion time of the download. Embed Share via. Table of contents: Understanding computer file sizes Why we download computer files Upload and download speeds How to determine download time Download completion time FAQ.
Understanding computer file sizes Computer file sizes vary depending on the amount of data or information a computer file stores. Bytes File length in bytes. Hex Letters. This example also generates a text file but with custom letters in it. In this case, the custom letters are base hex digits.
As a result, we get a text file containing a digit hex number. This example creates a random text file of size 1MB that contains digits only. Pro tips Master online file tools. You can pass options to this tool using their codes as query arguments and it will automatically compute output. To get the code of an option, just hover over its icon. Here's how to type it in your browser's address bar.
Click to try! All file tools. Didn't find the tool you were looking for? Let us know what tool we are missing and we'll build it! Create a Random Text File. Quickly generate a random text file of any size. Generate a Random Binary File. Quickly generate a random binary file of arbitrary size.
Generate an Empty File. Quickly generate an empty file with any extension. Truncate a Text File. Quickly shorten a text file to the given number of bytes. Slice a Text File. Quickly extract a fragment of a certain size from a text file. Damage a Text File. Quickly simulate data corruption in a text file. Coming soon These file tools are on the way. Extract a File Fragment.
Extract a byte range between start and end positions. Randomly Flip Bits in a File. Corrupt data by flipping one or more bits in the given file. Zip Compress a File. Compress a file using the zip compression algorithm. Uncompress a Zip File. Unzip a. RAR Compress a File. Compress a file using the RAR compression algorithm. Uncompress a RAR File. Unrar a. Gzip Compress a File. Compress a file using the gzip compression algorithm.
Gunzip a File. Uncompress a. Bzip2 Compress a File. Compress a file using the bzip2 compression algorithm. Bunzip2 a File. Xz Compress a File. Compress a file using the xz compression algorithm.
Unxz a File. Uncompress an. Lzma Compress a File. Compress a file using the LZMA compression algorithm. Unlzma a File. Tar a File. Since these commands do not put any character in the file, you can generate a file of any size in a few seconds. The fallocate command supports only the btrfs, ext4, ocfs2, and xfs file systems. The truncate command supports all modern file systems. The fallocate command allocates all of the space to the file without writing a single byte of data in the file.
It means, if you use the fallocate command to create a 20GB file, you will get a file that consumes 20GB actual disk space but contains no data. The truncate command creates a sparse file instead of the actual file. The difference between a sparse file and an actual file is that a sparse file doesn't consume all allocated space.
It only consumes the space that is used by data. For example, you created two 50GB files; one from the fallocate command another from the truncate command. The first file immediately consumes all allocated 50GB space while the second file consumes only the space that is required by the actual data.
Since the truncate command does not put any data in the file, the actual consumed disk space remains unchanged. Let's take one more example.
Suppose you have 5 GB disk space and you want to create a file of 10GB for testing. Since the fallocate command allocates all assigned space immediately, you can't create a file of 10GB if you only have 5GB disk space. In this case, you can use the truncate command. Since the truncate command creates the sparse file and a sparse file does not consume any disk space until it contains any data, you can easily create a file of 10GB for testing even if you only have 5GB disk space.
For example, the following commands generate 5GB named 5-gb-file and 80GiB named gib-file files respectively. For example, the following command generates GB named gb-file and 10GiB named gib-file files respectively.
If you want to create an empty file or a zero size file, you can use the touch command. The touch command, use the following syntax. That's all for this tutorial. If you like this tutorial, please don't forget to share it with friends through your favorite social channel. We do not accept any kind of Guest Post. Except Guest post submission, for any other query such as adverting opportunity, product advertisement, feedback, suggestion, error reporting and technical issue or simply just say to hello mail us ComputerNetworkingNotes gmail.
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